a2zmedicalnote

  Hypothyroidism Newborn screening (NBS) for CH followed by prompt initiation of levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy can prevent severe intellectual disability, psychomotor dysfunction, and impaired growth. The influence of severity at diagnosis, timing of treatment initiation, and L-T4 dose on longterm outcomes remains a matter of debate. Although the majority of treated patients achieve normal cognitive outcomes, the influence of L-T4 therapy on neurologic development is less certain, and some studies show persistent deficits in treated patients compared with euthyroid healthy controls. If a permanent form of CH has not been established, L-T4 treatment is maintained until 3 years of age, after which thyroid function is reevaluated following a 4- to 6-week discontinuation of L-T4. Most common cause - thyroid dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis. Less common cause - maternal antithyroid medications, TSH receptor-blocking antibodies (TRBAb) acquired through transplacental passagematernal or infan...

  Parts of DNA Phosphate group + sugar + Base (nitrogenous base) Difference between sugar of DNA and RNA DNA has deoxyribose sugar(1 OH group attached to sugar and RNA has ribose sugar (2 OH groups) Nucleotide and nucleoside Nucleotide = Phosphate group + Base + sugar Nucleoside = Base and sugar Types of Nitrogenous base Purines and Pyrimidines Purines consists of Pure As Gold = Adenine and Guanine Pyrimidine consists of CUT the pyramids Cytosine Uracil (only in RNA) Thymine Purine nucleosides are Adenosine and Guanosine Pyrimidine nucleosides are Cytidine, Uridine and Thymidine Purine nucleotides Adenosine monophosphate, Guanosine MP How is DNA packed inside nucleus ? In the form of chromatin which is further condensed to form chromosomes What is a nucleosome ? DNA coiled twice around an octamer of Histone composed of (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) x2 with linker H1 protein. Positive and Negative charge of Chromatin Positive charged =  Lysine  and  Arginine  of Histone whi...