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TURNER SYNDROME

What is the other name of Turner Syndrome? Ullrich-Turner syndrome  What is the m/c sex chromosome disorder in female? Turner syndrome and occurs in approximately 1 in 2000 to 1 in 2500 live female births. What are the genotypes of Turner syndrome? 45X monosomy in 45% of cases  45X mosaicism with normal cell line in 15% cases  X chromosome anomalies like - Isochromosome, Ring chromosome, Xp or Xq deletion Y chromosome mosaicism in 10-12% cases. What gene is responsible for short stature in Turner syndrome? SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing gene on the X-chromosome) is associated with short stature in Turner syndrome and in Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. What gene is responsible for gonadal insufficiency in Turner syndrome? BMP15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp)). What is the frequency of the 45X karyotype at conception? 3% approx, but  99% of these are spontaneously aborted, accounting for 5–10% of all abortuses. Mosaics are found to
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Cri du chat syndrome

  Cri du chat syndrome Also known as cat cry syndrome Deletion syndrome Incidence of 1 in 45000 livebirths 85% cases by de novo partial deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 15% parental translocation involving 5p. Clinical Features Mew-like cry early on in life that quickly resolves (apparently related to vocal cord abnormalities)  Low birth weight  Hypertelorism Microcephaly Down slanting of palpebral fissures of eyes Flat nasal bridge Epicanthic folds Ear shape abnormalities With advancing age, the clinical manifestations become less striking, making diagnosis more difficult.
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Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

What are the parts of pylorus? The incisura angularis divides the stomach into a body to the left and a pyloric portion to the right. The sulcus intermedius further divides the pyloric portion of the stomach: the pyloric vestibule to the left, denoted by an outward convexity of the greater curvature. The pyloric antrum or pyloric canal to the right The pyloric antrum is 2.5 cm and terminates in pyloric orifice into duodenum.   What happens to the normal anatomical structural in CHPS? In infants with IHPS, the pyloric ring is no longer identifiable as a clearly definable separation between the normally distensible pyloric antrum and the duodenal cap. Instead, a channel of variable length (1.5–2.0 cm) corresponding to the pyloric canal separates the normally distensible portion of the antrum from the duodenal cap. ·          Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis  was first fully described by  Harald Hirschsprung  in 1888. ·          IHPS VS CHPS - ????? IHPS is would b
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